![]() If price isn't an issue for you, I can't recommend it over the more expensive official Pro Controller. Though it's an excellent controller on a budget, it does have limitations. For most gamers, it'll be more than enough to satisfy their need for a full-sized Switch controller.īut the Enhanced Wired Controller's low price is its main selling point. For a remarkably affordable price, you'll get a near-Pro level gamepad with tactile buttons, grippy joysticks, and customizable paddles. The PowerA Spectra Enhanced Wired Controller holds a massive amount of value. The Spectra Enhanced Wired Controller is inexpensive and capable. Some models have D-pads made out of reflective metal, while others (including the Spectra) are matte. It'd be great for streamers who want a flashy controller while they're on camera, or gamers with an RGB setup who want another matching accessory.Īside from the aesthetic design, the only difference we've found between any of these controllers is the material used for the D-pad. The Spectra tends to retail for a few dollars more than the other designs, but it's definitely the sleekest of the lot. I tested the Spectra model, which has the added bonus of color-changing LED lights. Most of these feature official artwork from popular Nintendo games, like Pokémon or The Legend of Zelda, and retailers offer each of them for slightly different prices. PowerA offers the Enhanced Wired Controller in dozens of different graphic designs. The Spectra lets you cycle through eight different color options by pressing a button on the back of the controller, or you can let it cycle automatically. If you don't use motion controls often, this won't matter much, but it's worth considering. Missing motion controls will lock you out of a number of games, and removes key features in games like Splatoon and Metroid Prime. Like most budget controllers, the Enhanced Wired Controller lacks features like motion controls, HD rumble, and Amiibo support. And it won't work with an iPhone, iPad, or Android device at all. You can also use it on a PC or Mac with Steam games, but only by connecting it to a USB port. On the Switch, you can only use it while the system is docked and connected to a TV. Having a wired connection does mean that you don't have to worry about battery life, but without any wireless Bluetooth features, there are a lot of limits on where you can play using the Enhanced Wired Controller. Thankfully, PowerA includes a compatible 10-foot cable with each package. Considering that both the Switch and Pro Controller (along with most modern devices) rely on USB-C cables, having to use a microUSB cable is just annoying. To use it, you'll need to connect it to your Switch's dock with a cable.Īnd not just any cable, but an outdated microUSB cable (yuck) that plugs into an unsightly hole at the top of the gamepad. The Spectra Enhanced Controller plugs into the Switch's dock.Īs the name implies, the Enhanced Wired Controller can't be played wirelessly. Each stick is made with a finely textured plastic cap that ensures a solid finger-grip every time. ![]() This enables you to plug in a headset to listen to your Switch's audio privately while playing.Īnd amazingly, the Enhanced Wired Controller's joysticks are actually better than both the Joy-Cons' and official Pro Controller's. There's also a 3.5mm headphone jack built into the controller. ![]() And unlike other controllers with extra paddle buttons, like the Hori Split Pad Pro, the paddles are thin enough that you won't press them accidentally. You might consider mapping each one to a bumper (L/R), so you can dedicate a single finger to each shoulder button. match, and this controller delivers just that.Īlthough I don't personally use them, I appreciate the remappable "Advanced Gaming Buttons" built into the back of each handle. There's no sound more satisfying than the rapid clacking of buttons during a heated Smash Bros. These bigger buttons are also louder than the Joy-Con buttons, which makes for a great tactile experience. Its bigger buttons and long handles put less strain on your hands, meaning you can play for longer with less potential for aching. The Spectra Enhanced Controller (left) and Pro Controller (right) look similar, but feel very different.Ĭompared to the Joy-Cons that come packaged with every Nintendo Switch, the Spectra Enhanced Wired Controller feels fantastic.
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![]() Existing theories emphasize personal pathologies (abnormality) or social pathologies (poverty) as the cause of delinquency. Building upon his new social theory of criminality, Sutherland now argued that contemporary criminology is too absorbed with lower class criminality, neglecting other kinds of crimes. Sutherland once again criticized existing beliefs in criminology. One survey even selected his 1949 work as “the most important study of the decade (1940-1950).” Sutherland’s theory was revolutionary and widely discussed. In 1949, Sutherland completed his monograph on this subject. In the last decade of his life, his scholarship focused on what he termed “white-collar crime,” a term that since has been integrated into our daily lexicon. Sutherland’s work at Indiana University continued to be pathbreaking. The title page from the original 1949 edition of White Collar Crime. ![]() Previous theories had mainly been borrowed from Europe. In relation to this theory, scholars Gaylord and Gallier stated in 1988 that “among sociological students of criminal behavior, there is considerable agreement that this is the single most important innovation during the past fifty years.” These scholars also noted that this was the first major original American theory in criminology. This had significant implications for prevention and penalization of crime, for example by stressing the need for the humane treatment of identified criminals, and the uselessness of racial or biological profiling. Sutherland’s differential association theory, on the other hand, “conceive of criminality as participation in a cultural tradition and as the result of association with representatives of that culture.” In other words, Sutherland contended that criminality was a learned behavior, thus shifting the scholarly focus into social and cultural realms. Influenced by the consequences of the Great Depression, this theory aimed to replace biological, economic or psychological-genetic explanations of criminality known generally as “born criminal,” all of which emphasized the individual’s abnormal personality and inheritance as precipitating factors for crime. In 1939, in the third edition of Principles of Criminology, he formulated the “differential association” theory which was a ground-breaking explanation of crime causation. Most of Sutherland’s innovative scholarly contribution to the field of criminology was produced during his time at Indiana University. This textbook was revised numerous times by Sutherland before his death and then by others, and dominated the field for decades. Then in 1924, he published a well-received criminology textbook, (Principles of) Criminology, the first comprehensive textbook in the field. ![]() While at Illinois he decided to specialize in criminology, which was not considered as an inherent part of sociology at the time. Before arriving in Bloomington, he served as a professor of sociology at Chicago University, the University of Illinois and the University of Minnesota. Professor Sutherland came to IU in 1935, as the head of the newly independent department of sociology. Witnessing poverty, criminality and other urban plights of Chicago motivated him to study methods of improving social conditions. ![]() He graduated in 1904 from the Grand Island College in Nebraska and received his PhD in 1913 from the University of Chicago. Courtesy of IU Archives, P0034426Įdwin Hardin Sutherland was born in 1883 in Gibbon, Nebraska, to a deeply Protestant family of seven children. By Asher Lubotzky, Bicentennial Intern, Class of 2022, Doctoral Student, History, Bloomington Edwin Sutherland, 1941. ![]() Marginal Revenue = the addition to total revenue from selling one more unit of output. TR = PQĪverage Revenue = The average dollar amount receive per unit of output sold AR = TR/Q Total Revenue = The amount of money received when the producer sells the product. Revenues are the money that a firm receives from the sale of a product. The profit-maximizing solution for the monopolist is found by locating the biggest difference between total revenues (TR) and total costs (TC), as in Equation 3.1. In Figure 3.1, an agricultural chemical firm faces an inverse demand curve equal to: P = 100 – Q d, where P is the price of the agricultural chemical in dollars per ounce (USD/oz), and Q d is the quantity demanded of the chemical in million ounces (m oz). ![]() The patent is a legal restriction that permits the patent holder to be the only seller of the herbicide, as it was invented by the company through their research program. For example, suppose that an agricultural chemical firm has a patent for an agricultural chemical used to kill weeds, a herbicide. ![]() However, the monopolist is constrained by consumer willingness and ability to purchase the good, also called demand. Price Maker = A noncompetitive firm with market power, defined as the ability to set the price of a good.Ī monopolist is considered to be a price maker, and can set the price of the product that it sells. Price Taker = A competitive firm with no ability to set the price of a good. On the other hand, firms with market power are also called “price makers.” Each competitive firm is small relative to the market, so has no influence on price. A competitive firm is a “price taker.” Thus, a competitive firm has no ability to change the price of a good. Market power is also called monopoly power. McDonalds is the only provider of Big Macs, yet it is not a monopoly because there are many close substitutes available: Burger King Whoppers, for example. The phrase, “no close substitutes” is important, since there are many firms that are the sole producer of a good. ![]() Monopoly = A single firm in an industry with no close substitutes. An industry is defined as a group of firms that produce the same good. Also called monopoly power.Ī monopoly is defined as a single firm in an industry with no close substitutes. Market Power = Ability of a firm to set the price of a good. The railroad boom in the 19th century was ripe with such conditions.This chapter will explore firms that have market power, or the ability to set the price of the good that they produce. The conditions that enable oligopolies to exist include high entry costs in capital expenditures, legal privilege (license to use wireless spectrum or land for railroads), and a platform that gains value with more customers (such as social media). Oligopolies in history include steel manufacturers, oil companies, railroads, tire manufacturing, grocery store chains, and wireless carriers.
Here are some recommended OptiFine Settings to use. Open the Minecraft Launcher, and in the “Installations” tab, click Play next to the newly added OptiFine version. In the window that pops up, just select Install, and then once it finishes, you can close Terminal.ĥ. So, for instance, this command could be something like this depending on the version: java -jar OptiFine_1.13.2_HD_U_F5.jarĤ. Open “Terminal” from your app drawer and run the following command without brackets: Locate the OptiFine_1.XX.X_HD_U_XX.jar file you recently downloaded and drag it into Linux files on the left.ģ. Open the Files app and select the Downloads folder. Click the “(Mirror)” link to avoid the advertisement.Ģ. ![]() Download OptiFine for the Minecraft version you want to play from /downloads. Here’s how to install it on your device:ġ. OptiFine helps to bump up your framerate by optimizing Minecraft for lower-end devices. If your gameplay using the Linux version is still pretty bad even after the above tweaks, then I highly recommend getting OptiFine. Here is how I configured some of my video settings in Minecraft for smoother gameplay: If you have an ARM Chromebook, this will be the only option you have as the official Linux version of Minecraft does not work on ARM-based processors, unfortunately.Īll you need to do is install the Pojavlauncher from the Play Store (link below), log-in with your Mojang/Microsoft account, and start playing! You can even install this app on your Android phone!ĭepending on how weak or powerful your device is, you may still need to adjust some of the graphics in Minecraft’s settings. Last year, a group of developers managed to port the Java Edition of Minecraft to Android. However, if you have an x86 Chromebook, you can follow either the Android or Linux instructions. If you have an ARM Chromebook, you will only be able to follow the Android section of this tutorial. ARM processors are also most often found on cheaper Chromebooks. If you see “Intel” or “AMD,” that most likely means that you have an x86 Chromebook. Next to “model name,” if you see “Mediatek” or “Rockchip,” that most likely means that you have an ARM Chromebook. If you don’t know what processor your Chromebook uses, the easiest way to find out is to go to chrome://system in your address bar, do a Ctrl + F for “cpuinfo” and expand the row out. However, depending on the type of processor in your Chromebook, you may only have one option.įirst and foremost, you’ll need to find what processor your device uses. There are two ways to get Minecraft Java Edition on your Chromebook. Minecraft on a Google Pixelbook Prerequisites Update 3/13/21: This story was originally published on and last updated on with the addition of an option for ARM Chromebooks. This means that the full Java Edition of Minecraft can run on a Chromebook! In this noob-friendly guide, we’ll explain step-by-step how to install it. To run the server you should right click the file and choose Open with, Terminal.With the addition of native Linux support a couple of years ago, Chrome OS users can now use a wide variety of apps and even games. ![]() When starting the Minecraft Server, you receive "mand" can't be opened because it is from an unidentified developer. Java 1.8 JDK Install Instructions mand cannot be opened You should download and install the Java 1.8 JDK for Mac OS X. this is because your installed version of Java is less than 1.8. When starting the Minecraft Server, you receive Error - Java needs to be updated. and follow the instructions, or download Mac OS JDK from Oracle’s website and install. When starting the Minecraft Server, you receive the message To use the "java" command-line tool you need to install a JDK - this is because the Java Development Kit (JDK) isn’t install on your Mac.Ĭlick More Info. If your issue isn’t answered here, please visit the Adventures In Minecraft Forum and create a new post. mand can’t be opened … unidentified developer. |
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